Foreign Judgments

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1. Must a document in an unofficial language have an English or Filipino translation under Rule132 Section33?
2. An applicable treaty abolishes the relevant certificate formality for the particular foreign public document. All treat…
3. A foreign judgment is properly authenticated but written only in an unofficial language without English or Filipino tra…
4. A properly certified foreign judgment is offered. The opponent proves a Section48 lack-of-notice defect. Creditor argue…
5. A foreign-record copy’s attestation omits any statement that it is a correct copy of the original or specified part. No…
6. Explain the current treaty-sensitive framework for proving a foreign official judgment record under Rule132 Section24.
7. Distinguish authentication, translation and defenses to recognition of a foreign judgment.
8. A foreign record bears an attestation title but no statement of correct reproduction. Explain Section25 without treatin…