Operative Fact Doctrine

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1. What is the central function of the operative fact doctrine?
2. Under Araullo's 2015 resolution, how is an official's good faith ordinarily treated?
3. Does the operative fact doctrine necessarily apply after every declaration of unconstitutionality?
4. A court invalidates a funding practice. Completed public facilities were built while beneficiaries relied in good faith…
5. An official argues that a completed project's protection under the operative fact doctrine conclusively bars every civi…
6. A funding program is partly invalidated. Some hospitals were completed before the ruling, and patients relied on the fa…
7. Before a measure is invalidated, recipients receive services in good faith. In a later liability case, evidence is offe…
8. Explain how the operative fact doctrine can preserve certain effects of an unconstitutional act without making the act …
9. Completed public clinics resulted from a funding practice later held unconstitutional. Beneficiaries relied in good fai…
10. After a program is invalidated, an officer claims that the operative fact doctrine gives him conclusive immunity. A com…
11. What effect did De Agbayani recognize for prescription during the period when the debt-moratorium measures were operati…
12. In De Agbayani, what was wrong with treating an invalidated measure as though its past operation had never existed for …