Practice question
An official argues that a completed project's protection under the operative fact doctrine conclusively bars every civil, criminal, and administrative claim against him. Is this correct?
- Yes, because a completed project removes all jurisdiction.
- Yes, because public benefits excuse all illegality.
- Yes, if the official repeats the claim in an affidavit.
- Yes, because presumed good faith is irrebuttable.
- No; preserved project effects do not automatically resolve the official's liability under the governing law and evidence.
Legal references
- Araullo v. Aquino III, G.R. No. 209287 et al., February 3, 2015 Resolution, sections 6–7, https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/feb2015/gr_209287_2015.html
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