Doctrine of Necessary Implication

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1. In the confidential-employee organizing cases, what does necessary implication permit?
2. Which confidential-employee criteria are cumulative under the San Miguel decisions?
3. What rationale supports the confidential-employee exclusion in labor relations?
4. A laboratory worker handles secret product formulas but has no necessary access to management's labor-relations policie…
5. A personnel assistant regularly records management's confidential collective-bargaining meetings and helps prepare its …
6. A payroll master processes already determined salaries and ordinary compensation data. The employer identifies no duty …
7. An employee incidentally overhears a confidential bargaining discussion unrelated to the employee's actual duties. Mana…
8. Explain necessary implication as applied to the confidential-employee exclusion and state an important limit.
9. State the cumulative confidential-employee test and apply it to an assistant preparing management's bargaining and grie…
10. Compare a technical worker's access to product formulas with a personnel assistant's necessary access to confidential b…
11. Did NATU expressly make its bank-position ruling applicable to all banks without examining evidence?
12. What does necessary implication seek to effectuate in statutory construction?