Quantum of Evidence

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1. What is the ordinary quantum of proof in labor cases?
2. Which best states substantial evidence?
3. Does use of substantial evidence mean that unsupported allegations automatically establish a labor claim?
4. An employer offers an internal payroll as proof of bank payment, but the document shows preparation only and no require…
5. A tribunal insists that an ordinary labor claim can succeed only if proven beyond reasonable doubt. Which is best?
6. A decision recites substantial evidence but identifies no relevant support for its central factual finding. It relies e…
7. Two payroll documents are offered on a claim for several unpaid periods. One proves only an unrelated year; the other p…
8. Define substantial evidence and distinguish it from no evidence.
9. Why must payroll evidence be related to the precise payment and period in dispute?
10. Does a substantial-evidence standard require the tribunal to eliminate every possible doubt as in a criminal case?
11. Is evidence substantial merely because its proponent repeats the same unsupported statement many times?
12. May the probative value of a document be limited to the fact it actually establishes?