Burden of Proof

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1. Where the very fact of dismissal is genuinely disputed, what must the employee ordinarily establish before justificatio…
2. Once dismissal is established, who must substantiate the employer’s asserted lawful termination ground?
3. When an employer relies on voluntary resignation as its defense, what must it prove?
4. Workers are admittedly directly engaged to perform services. The company invokes independent-contractor status and reli…
5. An employer claims that wages were paid through a bank-crediting arrangement. It provides only an internally prepared p…
6. A tribunal finds neither that an employee was dismissed nor that he abandoned his job. The employee argues that the emp…
7. An employer establishes valid proof that its payroll advice covering the disputed periods was transmitted to and receiv…
8. Distinguish proof that dismissal occurred from proof that an established dismissal had lawful cause.
9. Explain the evidentiary sequence for payment through a bank-crediting payroll arrangement under PAL v.Ahmee.
10. Why should an independent-contractor label not replace evidence in an admitted direct-service relationship?
11. When an employer affirmatively pleads payment of an admitted monetary obligation, who must prove payment?
12. Why does PAL v. Ahmee place payment proof on the employer?