Question

Civil Liability Ex-Delicto: Restitution, Reparation, and Indemnification - Articles 104-108

In a certain criminal case, Mario was convicted of theft for stealing valuable jewelry from Sofia. The court found Mario guilty and sentenced him to imprisonment. Along with the criminal liability, civil liability also arises from the commission of a crime. In this case, Sofia suffered financial loss due to the theft committed by Mario.

Based on the provisions of the Revised Penal Code, particularly Articles 104-108, answer the following questions:

1. What is the concept of restitution in relation to civil liability ex-delicto? How does it apply to the situation of Sofia who suffered financial loss from the theft committed by Mario?
2. Explain the concept of reparation. How does it differ from restitution? Discuss how reparation could be applied to the case of Sofia.
3. Discuss the concept of indemnification as a form of civil liability ex-delicto. What are the factors to consider in determining the amount of indemnification? Apply the concept to the situation of Sofia who suffered financial loss due to the theft committed by Mario.