Proportionality

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1. Which combined environmental-damage description is expressly included in Article8(2)(b)(iv)?
2. Under AP I Article57(3), several available military objectives would yield similar military advantage, but one is expec…
3. An AP I-governed attack is expected to affect civilians, and circumstances permit an effective advance warning. Officia…
4. A prosecutor alleges the Article8(2)(b)(iv) offense but relies solely on a finding that an attack breached some precaut…
5. An AP I-governed party gives an effective warning, but the independently stipulated proportionality assessment still es…
6. Distinguish the Article8(2)(b)(iv) criminal offense from a claim that any precaution failure automatically proves that …
7. Apply Article57(3) where a genuine choice exists between military objectives offering similar advantage but different e…
8. A party gives advance warning and then claims no further proportionality inquiry is needed. Explain the relationship be…