Practice question
An AP I-governed party gives an effective warning, but the independently stipulated proportionality assessment still establishes excessive expected incidental civilian harm. It claims the warning creates an unconditional exemption from the proportionality rule. Which is best?
- Warning is a separate precaution and does not itself cure an independently disproportionate attack
- Every warned attack is automatically proportionate
- A warning converts all civilians into combatants
- Warning abolishes civilian-object protection
- Only the warning’s length matters
Legal references
- Additional ProtocolI Article57: https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/api-1977/article-57 Article57(2)(a)(iii),(2)(c).
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