Question

The given Topic: Justifying Circumstances - Article 11

1. In the following scenarios, determine whether the act committed is justified under the circumstances provided under Article 11 of the Revised Penal Code. Cite the relevant provisions of the law to support your answer.

1. John found his neighbor, Sarah, being attacked and stabbed by an unknown assailant. In an act of self-defense, John grabbed a nearby stick and hit the assailant, causing him to drop the knife. John then chased the assailant away to protect Sarah. The assailant sustained minor injuries from John's actions.
2. Marie witnessed a group of armed individuals robbing a convenience store. Seeing that the store owner was being physically threatened, Marie, who happened to be a licensed firearm holder, took out her gun and fired a warning shot to scare the robbers away. The gunshot caused the robbers to flee, and no one was injured.
3. Carlos, a police officer, was pursuing a notorious criminal who had been involved in several violent crimes. During the chase, the criminal fired shots at Carlos. In response, Carlos fired back, hitting the criminal and incapacitating him. It was later revealed that the criminal was armed with an illegal firearm.
4. Rebecca's husband, Michael, suffered from a terminal illness and was in constant pain. After extensive discussions with medical professionals and seeking legal advice, Rebecca provided Michael with a lethal dose of medication, which resulted in his painless and peaceful death.