Question

Scenario:

In a high-profile criminal case, the accused was convicted for estafa (swindling) in relation to a large-scale investment scam. Many individuals fell victim to the scheme, resulting in significant financial losses.

One of the victims, Ms. Rodriguez, filed a civil case for damages against the convicted accused, seeking compensation for the money she invested in the fraudulent scheme. The court granted the civil case and eventually awarded Ms. Rodriguez the full amount she lost, plus damages.

Meanwhile, another victim, Mr. Santos, who has not yet filed a civil case, approaches you as a lawyer for advice. He wants to know if he can still pursue a separate civil action for damages against the convicted accused, despite the fact that Ms. Rodriguez has already obtained a favorable judgment in her civil case.

Question:

Can Mr. Santos still pursue a separate civil action for damages against the convicted accused? Discuss the concept of independent civil actions as provided under Rule 111 of the Rules of Court.