Question

Identify the following situations and state whether they constitute a violation under the Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation, and Discrimination Act (R.A. No. 7610, as amended by R.A. Nos. 9231 and 11648):

1. A teacher strikes a child with a ruler as a form of punishment in front of the class.
2. An online predator engages in explicit online conversations with a minor for the purpose of sexual exploitation.
3. A parent forces their child to engage in hazardous work in a factory to support the family's income.
4. An individual distributes and sells explicit materials to children in exchange for money.
5. A barangay official discriminates against a child due to their religious background, denying them access to certain government services and benefits.