As a Mode of Incurring Criminal Liability

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1. Should a statement’s actual function be examined rather than treating all spoken words as mere passive approval?
2. A participant expressly offers guns to execute a proved common killing plan. The conspirators later use someone else’s …
3. One statement expresses approval; another offers operational weapons for the plot. May both automatically be treated as…
4. Evidence proves a common design and a participant’s offer to supply execution weapons. It also shows the group chose ot…
5. A court treats every statement alike: it convicts a passive approver solely because operational participants also spoke…
6. Explain the distinction between approving a plot and offering weapons for its execution in Ampatuan.
7. Does selecting different weapons necessarily erase an earlier execution-weapons offer?
8. Why should a tribunal avoid categorical rules that every statement either proves participation or is always passive?