Ex Post Facto Law

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1. What central combination characterizes a prohibited ex post facto penal law?
2. Which is a classic ex post facto change if applied to prior conduct?
3. Does every new procedural law applied in a pending criminal case automatically violate the ex post facto prohibition?
4. An act committed in 2024 carried a maximum fine of PHP 1,000. A 2025 statute raises the maximum to PHP 5,000 and expres…
5. A statute reallocates pending criminal cases to another competent court while preserving the offense, punishment, burde…
6. When an offense was committed, the law required specified corroborating testimony to sustain conviction. A later statut…
7. A later penal law reduces the punishment for a felony. An offender who is not a habitual criminal within the Article 22…
8. A law enacted after an act was committed makes that formerly innocent act criminal and applies punishment to it. Anothe…
9. Distinguish a genuinely procedural transfer of a pending criminal case from a retroactive evidentiary change that permi…
10. Explain how Article 22’s favorable-retroactivity rule differs from the ex post facto prohibition. Assume the offender i…
11. May a law described as civil still raise ex post facto concerns if in substance it retroactively imposes a penalty for …
12. Is retroactively depriving an accused of an already applicable amnesty protection among the ex post facto categories di…