Relativity

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1. What is the general relativity rule in Article 1311?
2. Under Article 1311, what kind of third-person benefit is insufficient by itself to support enforcement as a deliberatel…
3. Under Article 1311, how far is an heir liable for a transmissible contractual obligation of the decedent?
4. A valid contract clearly and deliberately grants a favor to a third person. Before the stipulation is revoked, that ben…
5. A delivery contract between two businesses happens to increase foot traffic near a neighboring shop. The contract conta…
6. A decedent's valid transmissible contractual debt is P500,000. An heir receives estate property worth P200,000. The cre…
7. A contract creates a real right over property. A third person later obtains possession of that property and insists tha…
8. Explain why the death of a contracting party does not necessarily end every contract, but also does not make every obli…
9. Compare a deliberate contractual favor to a third person with an incidental benefit. Explain what the beneficiary must …
10. A debtor argues that the relativity of contracts makes every transaction intended to defraud creditors immune from chal…
11. Does a third person’s absence as a signatory automatically immunize that person from Article 1314 liability?
12. Which contractual premise is required for tortious interference under Tuna Processors?