Practice question
A tribunal admits material that strict judicial procedure might exclude. Does that admission alone either invalidate the entire administrative decision or conclusively establish the charge?
- Neither; the tribunal must still identify adequate evidence with rational probative force and observe due process.
- Admission automatically proves every allegation.
- Any procedural flexibility necessarily voids the whole proceeding.
- The word informal permits orders without evidence.
- Every admitted rumor becomes substantial as a matter of law.
Legal references
- A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC, 2019 Amendments to the Revised Rules on Evidence, effective May 1, 2020; Rules 131-133, specifically the cited sections: https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/am_19-08-15-sc_2019.html
- Ang Tibay v. Court of Industrial Relations, G.R. No. 46496, February 27, 1940, EN BANC MAIN ruling, substantial evidence and independent evaluation: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1940/feb1940/gr_46496_1940.html
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