Practice question
A supported prima facie civil case requires a response. Does this mean the burden of proof itself necessarily shifts away from the claimant?
- No; Rule 131 distinguishes the potentially shifting burden of evidence from the nonshifting burden of proof.
- Yes, every evidentiary response transfers the ultimate burden permanently.
- Yes, a plaintiff can never lose after presenting one document.
- Yes, the defendant must disprove every claim beyond reasonable doubt.
- Yes, preponderance ceases to apply once a witness testifies.
Legal references
- A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC, 2019 Amendments to the Revised Rules on Evidence, effective May 1, 2020; Rules 131-133, specifically the cited sections: https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/am_19-08-15-sc_2019.html
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