Practice question
Which condition is expressly required for conviction based on circumstantial evidence under current Rule 133, Section 4?
- Only one circumstance in every case
- Only a suspicion that several facts might exist
- No consideration of the combined circumstances
- More than one circumstance, proved underlying facts, and a combination producing conviction beyond reasonable doubt
- A defendant's obligation to prove innocence
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/pdf/am_19-08-15-sc_2019.pdf — A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC, current Rules 128 §3, 130 §§21–22, 131 §1, 133 §§1–2,4–6.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2025/jul2025/gr_269730_2025.html — Gamon v. People, G.R. No. 269730, July 9, 2025, MAIN decision (direct and circumstantial evidence and collective assessment).
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2025/apr2025/gr_265570_2025.html — People v. Akil, G.R. No. 265570, April 7, 2025, MAIN decision (police-initiated private questioning of a detainee and custodial confession).
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