Practice question
An opponent identifies an unrelated business disagreement with the party offering a judicial record and calls it fraud, without linking it to the proceedings. Does the label alone establish Section 29(c)?
- No.
- Yes, any dispute conclusively proves record-related fraud.
- Yes, the section requires no connection to the proceedings.
- Yes, counsel’s word alone invalidates every judgment.
- Yes, all records from the same country become void.
Legal references
- A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC, 2019 Amendments to the Revised Rules on Evidence, Rule 132, Sections 19-36 as specifically discussed: https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/am_19-08-15-sc_2019.html
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