Practice question
An official's act is challenged with credible records showing that the prescribed step was not actually performed. The official argues Section 3's regularity presumption prohibits the court from considering those records. Which is sound?
- The presumption excludes all contradictory records
- The presumption is disputable; the court must evaluate competent contrary evidence
- Official position creates conclusive correctness
- A listed presumption automatically overrides every fact
- The records may be considered only if the official agrees
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/courts/rules/pdf/am_19-08-15-sc_2019.pdf — A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC, current Rule 131 §§1–3,5–6; Rule 133 §§1–2.
- https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html — 1987 Constitution, Article III §§2–3,12,14 (exclusionary protections and due process).
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