Practice question
A normally civilian school has doubtful military use. Article 52(3) applies, and the doubt has not been resolved. Officials declare military use conclusively established by the doubt itself. Which is correct?
- Doubt always proves military use
- A school is never a civilian object
- Every building in enemy territory is automatically a target
- The treaty presumption runs the other way: it is presumed not so used
- The owner’s nationality replaces the presumption
Legal references
- Additional Protocol I Articles 51-52: https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/api-1977/article-51 ; https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/api-1977/article-52; Articles 51(4)-(5),52(2)-(3).
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