Practice question
Which two ideas are joined in Stockholm Principle 21?
- Sovereign resource rights and responsibility concerning external environmental damage.
- Unlimited exploitation and immunity from international law.
- Automatic compensation and strict liability for every accident.
- Ownership of all foreign resources and unilateral enforcement.
- Development only and exclusion of environmental policy.
Legal references
- Stockholm Declaration, Principle21, reproduced in UN ILC report1994: https://legal.un.org/ilc/documentation/english/reports/a_49_10.pdf
- ICJ, Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change, Advisory Opinion, July23 2025, main opinion, paragraphs147–158 and precaution discussion: https://icj-web.leman.un-icc.cloud/sites/default/files/case-related/187/187-20250723-adv-01-00-en.pdf
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