Practice question
Under the presidential-immunity rule reiterated in Nepomuceno, what circumstance is central to protection of the President from domestic civil or criminal suit?
- Membership in any political party
- Prior service as a provincial official
- A Cabinet member's endorsement
- Actual presidential incumbency
- A private claim that the office belongs to one's family
Legal references
- Nepomuceno v. Duterte, UDK No. 16838, May 11, 2021, main resolution, presidential immunity during incumbency: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2021/may2021/udk_16838_2021.html
- Office of the Ombudsman v. Duterte, G.R. Nos. 198201 and 198334, March 15, 2023, main decision, accountability and limits of presidential immunity: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2023/mar2023/gr_198201_2023.html
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