Practice question
Explain the qualified civil-liability protection in Section 38(1) of the Administrative Code. Does official status make bad faith, malice or gross negligence irrelevant, or eliminate every separate form of accountability?
Legal references
- Executive Order No. 292, Administrative Code of 1987, Book I, Chapter 9, Sections 38 and 39, qualified civil liability of public officers: https://lawphil.net/executive/execord/eo1987/eo_292_1987.html
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