Practice question
A final agency order directly requires Mila's business to pay a disputed fee under the challenged law next week. She contests its constitutionality and faces a concrete enforcement demand. The government argues she cannot have standing until she first pays. Which is best under the usual formulation?
- Threatened direct injury may establish standing; actual payment is not invariably necessary
- A challenger must always surrender the disputed money first
- Only a person already imprisoned may challenge any law
- The fee demand is irrelevant to personal interest
- Standing depends entirely on social-media support
Legal references
- 1987 Constitution, Article VIII, Section 1: https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html
- Francisco v. House of Representatives, G.R. No. 160261 and consolidated cases, November 10, 2003, main opinion, Essential Requisites for Judicial Review: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2003/nov2003/gr_160261_2003.html
Answer this question in flashcards to review your response and continue practicing.