Practice question
After a funding measure is definitively invalidated, officials propose new transfers under it and rely solely on the fact that a court protected certain earlier completed transactions. No independent legal authority or prospective relief exists. Which is the strongest response?
- Protection of any past transaction authorizes all future transfers.
- The doctrine addressing prior operative effects does not itself supply fresh authority to continue the invalid measure.
- An earlier beneficiary may amend the Constitution.
- Calling a transfer completed in advance makes it lawful.
- Invalidity affects only the title of a measure.
Legal references
- De Agbayani v. Philippine National Bank, G.R. No. L-23127, April 29, 1971, main decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1971/apr1971/gr_23127_1971.html
- Araullo v. Aquino III, G.R. No. 209287 et al., February 3, 2015, main resolution: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2015/feb2015/gr_209287_2015.html
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