Practice question
An officer deliberately fabricates a misconduct charge and personally orders an unlawful dismissal to punish an employee. Malice and the officer's participation are specifically alleged and proved. May the officer rely on corporate personality as an absolute defense?
- Yes; all official acts are immune.
- Yes; bad faith never matters.
- Yes; only the corporation can ever be a respondent.
- No; proved malicious participation can support personal solidary liability.
- No; because every other officer is automatically liable too.
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2024/apr2024/gr_265610_2024.html — Borromeo v. Lazada, G.R.265610, April3 2024, main opinion, corporate-officer liability.
- https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2019/ra_11232_2019.html — Revised Corporation Code, Section30, liability of directors, trustees or officers.
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