Practice question
A president signs an enforceable settlement stating expressly that she personally and solidarily undertakes the identified corporate dismissal award. No consent defect is alleged. She later invokes only her corporate office to deny the undertaking. Which is best?
- Corporate office automatically nullifies every personal promise.
- The promise can never have legal consequences.
- Only the company seal may be read.
- Her personal contractual undertaking must be considered as a distinct liability basis.
- Personal capacity is conclusively impossible for an officer.
Legal references
- Team Pacific Corp. v. Parente, G.R. No. 206789, July 15, 2020, main decision, corporate-liability exceptions: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/66895
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