Practice question
An employer orders an employee to falsify legally required records. The employee refuses. Can the employer establish willful disobedience solely by showing refusal of that unlawful order?
- Yes, every supervisor instruction must be obeyed
- No, the just-cause rule requires a lawful and reasonable order related to the employee’s duties
- Yes, if the order was written
- Yes, if the employee understood it was unlawful
- No, because no refusal of any order can ever be disciplined
Legal references
- https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/10/71535 — DO 147-15, Rule I-A sections 1 and 5.1–5.2, disciplinary causes and procedural requirements under current Article 297.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2004/nov2004/gr_158693_2004.html — Agabon v. NLRC, GR 158693, November 17, 2004, main decision; valid cause and separate liability for procedural noncompliance.
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