Practice question
An employee honestly misunderstands an instruction and the factfinder establishes no intentional wrongful or perverse refusal. Employer relies only on willful disobedience. Which is sound?
- Every misunderstanding necessarily proves deliberate defiance.
- A result alone supplies intent conclusively.
- Only the supervisor’s irritation matters.
- A lawful instruction automatically proves every employee response was willful.
- The missing willful character must be addressed; noncompliance alone is not the complete ground.
Legal references
- DOLE Department Order 147-15, Rule I-A Section 5.2: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/10/71535
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