Practice question
A union obtains a final administrative judgment finding ULP. It argues that this judgment conclusively proves criminal guilt, so the criminal court may convict without independent proof. Which assessment is correct?
- The judgment satisfies the statutory prerequisite but is neither binding in the criminal case nor evidence of guilt under Article 258.
- The criminal court must automatically convict.
- Administrative substantial evidence automatically equals proof beyond reasonable doubt.
- The judgment eliminates every criminal defense.
- No criminal prosecution is ever possible after an administrative judgment.
Legal references
- Labor Code, DOLE consolidated 2022 edition, Articles 219, 258–260, 262–264, 274 and 278–279: https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/natlex2/files/download/15242/PHL15242%202022.pdf; Articles 258–260, 274–275.
- Adamson University Faculty and Employees Union v Adamson University, G.R. No. 227070, March 9, 2020, ULP proof and organizing nexus: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/18/66229
- Philippine Airlines v Dawal, G.R. Nos. 173921 and 173952, February 24, 2016, gross economic CBA violations: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2016/feb2016/gr_173921_2016.html
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