Practice question
Does a corporate officer’s title alone establish personal criminal liability for employer ULP?
- Yes, all employees are criminally liable
- Yes, title alone is conclusive
- No; actual participation, authorization or ratification is required
- Yes, every shareholder is automatically guilty
- Yes, liability is unrelated to conduct
Legal references
- Labor Code, Articles 259-260, 278-279 and 294 (formerly 248-249, 263-264 and 279), as applicable: https://lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1974/pd_442_1974.html
- Philippine Airlines v. Dawal, GR Nos. 173921 and 173952, February 24, 2016, main decision, gross economic CBA violations and dismissal proof: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2016/feb2016/gr_173921_2016.html
Answer this question in flashcards to review your response and continue practicing.