Practice question
A member seeks review of an allegedly unlawful expulsion contrary to the union’s bylaws. Officers say an internal union label makes the dispute legally unreviewable. Which is best?
- All internal sanctions are conclusive
- The amended labor-relations rules expressly recognize disputes over expulsion and violations of membership rights
- Only the employer may challenge any expulsion
- Membership safeguards disappeared after RA9481
- The union can abolish every statutory remedy by memorandum
Legal references
- DO40-I-15, Section18, RuleXI Section1: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/10/71537
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