Practice question
In certification-election proceedings arising during the freedom period, is the employer ordinarily a party with a right to oppose the petition?
- Yes; the employer alone chooses the winner.
- Yes; the employer may replace the Med-Arbiter.
- No; the statutory bystander rule applies.
- Only the employer may count support signatures.
- The employer must become president of a contending union.
Legal references
- Executive Order 97, September 19, 2025, adopting annexed JMO 1 (2024), especially Part VI paragraph 8 and Part IX paragraph 11: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/5/100030
- RA 9481, Section 12, inserting Article 258-A (now Article 271), employer as bystander: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2007/ra_9481_2007.html
- PICOP Resources v. Taneca, G.R. No. 160828, August 9, 2010, main decision: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/54227
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