Practice question
A contractor admits withholding an existing earned benefit because an employee filed a covered wage proceeding, but argues that it later won the wage case and therefore may keep the benefit as reimbursement for annoyance. What follows under Article 118?
- Winning permits any private forfeiture
- The admitted retaliatory reason is not cured merely by success in the wage dispute
- Annoyance automatically creates a debt equal to the benefit
- The employee loses all earned benefits by litigating
- The contractor may rewrite every wage obligation retrospectively
Legal references
- Labor Code, Articles 118 and 295 (formerly 280): https://lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1974/pd_442_1974.html
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