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Essay Multiple Choice

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All Jurisprudence based

0 tracked cards Political and Public International Law

A columnist’s factual statement about a public official turns out to be false. Actual malice is required in the case, but the record proves only negligence and no knowledge of falsity or serious doubts of the kind Disini describes. The complainant demands an automatic actual-malice finding from falsity alone. Which is correct?

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Falsity alone always proves the required mental state Every false statement is automatically immune from every law The automatic inference is insufficient; the required actual-malice element must be proved A public official’s complaint replaces proof

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