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Question

Question A: Felonies (Article 3) - Duty of the Courts in Case of Non-Punishable Act and Excessive Penalty - Article 5

Mr. Santos was accused of theft, a crime punishable under the Revised Penal Code. However, upon further investigation, it was proven beyond reasonable doubt that Mr. Santos did not commit the crime and that he was falsely accused. The court, recognizing Mr. Santos' innocence, acquitted him of the charges.

Despite his acquittal, Mr. Santos suffered significant damage to his reputation and incurred expenses for his legal defense. He believes that he is entitled to compensation for the unjust accusation and the harm caused to him.

Based on the above scenario and the provisions of the Revised Penal Code:

1. Discuss the duty of the court when a non-punishable act is committed and how this duty is exercised during the trial.
2. Explain the recourse available to Mr. Santos for the harm caused to him despite his acquittal.
3. Cite the specific provisions of the Revised Penal Code that support your answers.

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Answer