Title I – Crimes Against National Security and the Law of Nations

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1. Does Article118 apply only to public officers, or can its stated unlawful or unauthorized acts also be committed by a p…
2. During war, an accused knowingly conducts correspondence with enemy-occupied territory in ciphers. All Article120 facts…
3. A person owing the required allegiance attempts prohibited departure to an enemy country but is stopped before crossing…
4. A private person’s unauthorized acts are proved to expose Filipino citizens’ property to foreign reprisals within Artic…
5. A prosecutor invokes Article120 solely because a person sent an ordinary letter to a foreign country during peacetime. …
6. A wartime coded communication goes to territory occupied by enemy troops rather than the enemy homeland. Explain Articl…
7. A prohibited departure to an enemy country is intercepted before crossing. The actor owes the required allegiance and a…
8. A private individual’s unlawful acts expose Filipino citizens’ property to reprisals, with the Article118 conditions es…