Practice question
Does paying a fine to the State itself necessarily prove payment of the victim’s separate civil indemnity?
- Yes; every State receipt proves the victim received the money.
- The two payees are always legally identical.
- No.
- Every fine is the victim’s bank deposit.
- The victim’s claim automatically changes into costs.
Legal references
- Nanzan v. People, G.R. No. 262084, April 3, 2024, main decision, fine versus civil indemnity and Article 38 preference: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/18/69480
- Revised Penal Code, Articles 38, 112 and 113, cited civil-payment and extinction rules: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/28/20426
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