Practice question
An offender pays a separately imposed fine and argues the victim’s unpaid reparation must therefore be marked paid without evidence of civil satisfaction. Which is best?
- Every fine payment automatically belongs to the victim.
- The victim may never receive a distinct civil award.
- The word monetary makes every obligation the same.
- Only the offender’s desired accounting matters.
- The fine receipt alone does not establish satisfaction of the separate civil obligation.
Legal references
- Nanzan v. People, G.R. No. 262084, April 3, 2024, main decision, fine versus civil indemnity and Article 38 preference: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/18/69480
- Revised Penal Code, Articles 38, 112 and 113, cited civil-payment and extinction rules: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/28/20426
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