Practice question
Without right, Dina alters an electronic clearance so it falsely shows government approval, intending that it be accepted as authentic for a legal filing. Which offense most directly fits section 4(b)(1)?
- Computer-related forgery
- Only lawful correction of a typographical error
- No offense because no paper document exists
- Only a traffic-data preservation failure
- No offense unless the alteration is visible without a computer
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2012/ra_10175_2012.html — RA 10175, Chapter II, sections 4–7; read subject to Disini and subsequent controlling decisions.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2014/feb2014/gr_203335_2014.html — Disini, Jr. v. Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 203335, main decision, operative declaration on sections 4(c)(3), 4(c)(4), 5 and 7.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2014/apr2014/gr_203335_2014.html — Disini, G.R. No. 203335, April 22, 2014 main reconsideration resolution affirming the decision.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2026/apr2026/gr_258524_2026.html — Causing v. People, G.R. No. 258524, April 8, 2026 main reconsideration resolution, one-year cyberlibel prescription from discovery and need for evidence.
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