Practice question
An investigator wants to charge an original defamatory-post author and a reader who merely reacted to it under identical section 4(c)(4) and section 5 theories. Explain Disini’s operative limits, without assuming that all online conduct is immune.
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2012/ra_10175_2012.html — RA 10175, Chapter II, sections 4–7; read subject to Disini and subsequent controlling decisions.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2014/feb2014/gr_203335_2014.html — Disini, Jr. v. Secretary of Justice, G.R. No. 203335, main decision, operative declaration on sections 4(c)(3), 4(c)(4), 5 and 7.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2014/apr2014/gr_203335_2014.html — Disini, G.R. No. 203335, April 22, 2014 main reconsideration resolution affirming the decision.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2026/apr2026/gr_258524_2026.html — Causing v. People, G.R. No. 258524, April 8, 2026 main reconsideration resolution, one-year cyberlibel prescription from discovery and need for evidence.
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