Practice question
Ana secretly tape-records a private conversation with Bea without Bea's authorization. Ana invokes only her own participation and her wish to support a damages suit; no lawful exception applies. Does Ramirez accept that categorical defense?
- Yes, every participant has unilateral authority.
- No; those facts do not remove the conduct from the prohibition.
- Yes, every intended civil exhibit is exempt.
- Yes, unpleasant remarks cannot be private.
- No, because civil suits themselves are prohibited.
Legal references
- RA 4200, Sections 1–4, private communications, judicial authorization and exclusion: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1965/ra_4200_1965.html
- Ramirez v Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 93833, September 28, 1995, main decision, participant recording: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1995/sep1995/gr_93833_1995.html
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