Practice question
An accused already qualifies for a valid amnesty covering the act. A later statute retrospectively removes that protection and exposes the same act to punishment. What ex post facto concern is presented?
- No concern because the penalty number is unchanged
- Only an ordinary change of office stationery
- A rule requiring harsher laws in every case
- Loss of an accrued lawful protection against punishment
- A guarantee that all amnesties expire on accusation
Legal references
- Constitution Article III Section 22; Lacson v. Executive Secretary, GR128096, January20 1999, main decision, ex post facto categories: https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html ; https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1999/jan1999/gr_128096_1999.html
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