Practice question
Which conflict-related event appears in Montreal Convention Article 18(2) as a cargo defense?
- Any disagreement between the shipper and consignee.
- An act of war or armed conflict.
- Every labor complaint regardless of causation.
- Any online criticism of the airline.
- A dispute over passenger seating.
Legal references
- Montreal Convention 1999, authentic treaty text, Articles 18, 20-21 and 25-28, UN Treaty Series volume 2242, No. 39917: https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%202242/v2242.pdf
- ICAO, Montreal Convention administrative package, revised limits effective December 28, 2024: https://www.icao.int/sites/default/files/secretariat/legal/Administrative%20Packages/mtl99_en.pdf
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