Practice question
A cargo carrier relies on inherent vice, armed conflict and an authority's transit order. Explain the proof required under Article 18(2), including where the evidence accounts for only part of the loss.
Legal references
- Montreal Convention 1999, authentic treaty text, Articles 18, 20-21 and 25-28, UN Treaty Series volume 2242, No. 39917: https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/Volume%202242/v2242.pdf
- ICAO, Montreal Convention administrative package, revised limits effective December 28, 2024: https://www.icao.int/sites/default/files/secretariat/legal/Administrative%20Packages/mtl99_en.pdf
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