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Philippine Bar review · Question

Practice question: Likelihood of Confusion (Dominancy Test)

Multiple Choice Medium Jurisprudence

Practice question

Two competing marks share a proved dominant feature likely to confuse purchasers, while a junior user points only to minor border and font changes. Under dominancy, are those changes automatically decisive?
  1. Yes, any border change ends inquiry.
  2. Yes, all differences carry identical weight.
  3. Yes, the junior user chooses the test.
  4. Yes, price alone controls resemblance.
  5. No; the dominant-feature impression must be evaluated despite minor differences.

Legal references

  • Kolin Electronics v. Kolin Philippines International, GR228165, February9 2021, MAIN decision: https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2021/feb2021/gr_228165_2021.html
  • Autophil Zone Sales, GR270575, January28 2026, main decision: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/70426
  • RA8293, IP Code, Sections147–148 and155–159: https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1997/ra_8293_1997.html

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