Practice question
Why is proving that an injury happened after the defendant acted insufficient by itself?
- Every earlier act is always innocent.
- Every later injury is necessarily intentional.
- Only criminal courts may decide causation.
- A plaintiff never needs to prove damage.
- Sequence in time alone does not establish the natural and probable causal connection.
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html — Civil Code, article2176.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/gr_164749_2017.html — Abrogar v Cosmos Bottling, GR 164749, March 15 2017, main opinion: natural continuous chain and efficient intervening cause.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2023/jun2023/gr_254395_2023.html — Davao del Norte Electric Cooperative v Heirs of Lucas, GR 254395, June 14 2023, main opinion: foreseeable causal sequence.
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