Practice question
How is a foreseeable response to the very risk created by the defendant generally evaluated?
- It automatically ends the defendant’s causal role.
- It can never have any causal significance.
- It always creates a new contract.
- It may remain part of the natural causal chain rather than an efficient independent break.
- It necessarily proves the defendant acted intentionally.
Legal references
- https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1949/ra_386_1949.html — Civil Code, article2176.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2017/mar2017/gr_164749_2017.html — Abrogar v Cosmos Bottling, GR 164749, March 15 2017, main opinion: character of intervening events and remote occasion.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2008/feb2008/gr_161803_2008.html — Dy Teban Trading v Ching, GR 161803, February 4 2008, main opinion: foreseeable consequence is not an efficient break.
- https://lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2023/jun2023/gr_254395_2023.html — Davao del Norte Electric Cooperative v Heirs of Lucas, GR 254395, June 14 2023, main opinion: winds and roofing sheet did not automatically break causal chain.
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