Practice question
A defendant deliberately inflicts proven injury through conduct established as contrary to good customs. The defendant argues that absence of a separately identified penal prohibition necessarily defeats Article 21. Which is correct?
- Article 21 is not confined to conduct already defined as a crime; its own willful-injury and normative requirements must be assessed
- Every Article 21 claim requires prior imprisonment
- Good customs can never matter
- The defendant’s opinion alone defines the standard
- Every rude act automatically yields any requested damages
Legal references
- Civil Code, Article 21: https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/2/53360
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